• Français
Future Skills Center logo
Français
Polygon Created with Sketch. Home | Research
Diversity Institute

The perspectives of second-generation immigrants in Canada

Outcomes for second-generation immigrants are typically measured in terms of educational attainment, employment rates and income. These indicators are important, but they tell us little about the experience that second-generation have balancing the values and expectations of their immigrant parents with those of Canadian society more generally. This report addresses this knowledge gap by exploring the outlook of second-generation immigrants in Canada, and how it compares both to those of first-generation immigrants, and to non-immigrants.

This study draws upon a unique survey of Canadians between the ages of 18 and 40 (those described as Generation Z or Millennials) conducted in the autumn of 2020. It finds that the experiences of second-generation immigrants cannot be easily generalized: this group of Canadians is neither consistently similar to, nor consistently different from, the other two groups.

Download Report

Taken together, this study’s findings are encouraging. They are suggestive of a process in which integration occurs first in aspects related to more material aspects of life, and then later in terms of more cultural aspects. But more importantly, the analysis does not find that second-generation immigrants are outliers in a negative sense; that is, while in some cases they have more pessimistic views than first-generation immigrants, they do not tend to have more pessimistic views than non-immigrants – views that, were they present, would point to the existence of major barriers to integration into Canadian society.

Second-generation immigrants certainly have worries, with many expressing concerns about their current financial situation, or about the performance of governments. But these concerns are shared by younger Canadians of all backgrounds, and do not divide the country according to how long their families have lived here.

This report is based on data from the 2020 study of Canada’s Millennial and Gen Z generations, conducted by the Environics Institute for Survey Research in partnership with Apathy is Boring.

The study was conduct to better understand their perspectives, priorities and actions in terms of:

  • Confidence in the country’s democracy and institutions
  • Perspectives on global issues
  • Strategies for addressing key issues facing Canada
  • Personal engagement with issues, politics and local community

More from FSC

Three people collaborating on project in IT development office
Research

OpportuNext

  • July 2025
  • The Conference Board of Canada
The OpportuNext platform, developed by the Conference Board of Canada with support from the Future Skills Centre, addresses this gap by providing a free, bilingual and user-friendly digital tool that helps users explore career options based on skill similarity, salary prospects and job outlook.
1 Related Reports
Three professional women brainstorming in a meeting with their laptops.
Project

Facilitating Access to Skilled Talent

  • July 2025
  • Immigration Employment Council of British Columbia
FAST helps participants build job readiness, navigate Canadian workplace culture and connect with credentialing resources. The program features six sectoral streams ranging from information technology (IT) to seniors care.
3 Related Reports
Image of a gentleman using a sanding machine.
Project

Success@Work Skills: Preparing Workers and Systems to Navigate Change

  • July 2025
  • Manitoba Institute of Trades & Technology
Developed in response to the challenges amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, this program combined competency-based microcredentials, culturally relevant curricula, and wraparound supports to empower participants with the skills and confidence to thrive in their chosen fields—while also helping meet evolving workforce needs. 
1 Related Reports
View all Research