References

This database has been compiled to provide a searchable repository on published research addressing “future skills” that will be a useful tool for researchers and individuals interested in the future of work and the future of skills.

The database integrates existing bibliographies focused on future skills and the future of work as well as the results of new ProQuest and Google Scholar searches. The process of building the database also involved consultations with experts and the identification of key research organizations publishing in this area, as well as searches of those organizations’ websites. For a more detailed explanation of how the database was assembled, please read the Future Skills Reference Database Technical Note.

The current database, assembled by future skills researchers at the Diversity Institute, is not exhaustive but represents a first step in building a more comprehensive database. It will be regularly updated and expanded as new material is published and identified. In that vein, we encourage those with suggestions for improvements to this database to connect with us directly at di.fsc@ryerson.ca.

From this database, we also selected 39 key publications and created an Annotated Bibliography. It is designed to serve as a useful tool for researchers, especially Canadian researchers, who may need some initial guidance in terms of the key references in this area.

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Reference

2017 state of the industry

Organizations continued to make healthy investments in employee learning in 2016, finds the Association for Talent Development’s 2017 State of the Industry report, which is sponsored by LinkedIn Learning and Study.com. Organizations spent $1,273 per employee in 2016 on direct learning expenditure, compared with $1,252 in 2015. Confirming organizations’ commitment to learning, the average number of formal learning hours used per employee also grew, reaching 34.1 hours in 2016, up from 33.5 hours in 2015. In fact, this is the fourth year in a row that has seen an increase in both the direct learning expenditure and the number of learning hours per employee.
Reference

Skills in the digital economy: Where Canada stands and the way forward

The purpose of this research is to understand new and emerging skills required in the digital economy, the nature and scope of the skills gaps, various causes of skills gaps, the impact on Canadian businesses, and how they respond. The report therefore: (1) provides a brief overview of the digital economy; how and why technologies are transcending all sectors; (2) defines the new and emerging skills shaping the new economy and outlines the skills necessary to succeed in today's digital economy; (3) explores the 'skills gap' concept in the Canadian context; (4) highlights the strategies to address skill-related trends and challenges; (5) provides case studies to showcase how companies address different aspects of the ever-changing skills landscape of the Canadian labour market; and (6) summarizes the policy responses to overcome skill-related challenges that will help Canadians compete and operate in the digital economy.
Reference

Helping Youth Pursue Education (HYPE): Exploring the keys to transformation in postsecondary access and retention for youth in underserved neighbourhoods

This study employed a quantitative approach, supplemented with the results of a qualitative analysis, to comprehensively evaluate the effect of completion of the Helping Youth Pursue Education (HYPE) program with an eye to sharing a “best practice” model with the greater postsecondary sector. The effect of the HYPE program was measured in terms of its impact on completion or current attendance in a college program, persistence beyond the first year of study and academic performance in college
Reference

The risk of automation for jobs in OECD countries: A comparative analysis

In recent years, there has been a revival of concerns that automation and digitalisation might after all result in a jobless future. The debate has been fuelled by studies for the US and Europe arguing that a substantial share of jobs is at “risk of computerisation”. These studies follow an occupation-based approach proposed by Frey and Osborne (2013), i.e. they assume that whole occupations rather than single job-tasks are automated by technology. As we argue, this might lead to an overestimation of job automatability, as occupations labelled as high-risk occupations often still contain a substantial share of tasks that are hard to automate. Our paper serves two purposes. Firstly, we estimate the job automatability of jobs for 21 OECD countries based on a task-based approach. In contrast to other studies, we take into account the heterogeneity of workers’ tasks within occupations. Overall, we find that, on average across the 21 OECD countries, 9 % of jobs are automatable. The threat from technological advances thus seems much less pronounced compared to the occupation-based approach. We further find heterogeneities across OECD countries. For instance, while the share of automatable jobs is 6 % in Korea, the corresponding share is 12 % in Austria. Differences between countries may reflect general differences in workplace organisation, differences in previous investments into automation technologies as well as differences in the education of workers across countries.
Reference

Disrupting manufacturing: Innovation and the future of skilled labour

The common assumption today is that robots will soon drive our cars, manage our work, and manufacture our goods. But what is the reality of disruptive innovation in U.S. manufacturing? And how should schools educate skilled labor for this new era? Globally, manufacturing now accounts for approximately 16 percent of GDP and 14 percent of employment. While the industrial workforce in the United States is up from 11.4 million to 12.3 million, employment is still stuck at historical lows (not seen since the 1940s). More troubling still, labor force participation has been declining since 2009. In fact, over the past three decades, the gap between rich and poor has widened—reversing the prior trend toward a growing middle class. Discussions on the future of manufacturing are acutely focused on the threat of automation. To be sure, the U.S. manufacturing sector has undergone a turbulent decade. The United States has lost millions of manufacturing jobs to outsourcing. Interestingly, this dynamic now appears to be changing. Manufacturing is converging (or colliding?) with other industries including software design, virtual and augmented reality, and cloud computing, to name a few.
Reference

The future of work: Survey part 1 - The biggest roadblock to digital transformation is not technology - it's IT culture

Appian’s Future of Work survey, conducted by IDG, posed wide-ranging questions to global IT leaders about the state of enterprise IT and its alignment with business in driving transformation. Respondents comprised of 500 senior level IT executives, Director and above, at global companies with over 1000 employees. More than half the respondents were C-level (CIO, CTO, CSO). Survey results are being published in a series of reports that each drill into specific segments of the global data. Key Takeaways: today’s enterprise is all about the customer, and IT needs to get on board; culture and lack of collaboration are biggest transformation barriers; intelligent automation will have the biggest impact in the year ahead.
Reference

The future of work: A collection of research

The next industrial revolution is happening all around us, transforming the way we make things and what our products can do. Three forces are converging to shape this transformation: 1) The meshing of the physical and digital worlds through the Industrial Internet. 2) The emergence of new design and production techniques and new materials in manufacturing. 3) The shifting role that human beings are playing in the production process. Machines, data, and people are increasingly connecting for better, faster, safer, and more reliable performance. In this series, I and others explore what the digital transformation of industry means for growth, for competitiveness, and for employment. This is the future of work.
Reference

Future of Work Survey Report 2: Business requests for new software applications soaring globally, but 50-percent end in failure

Appian’s Future of Work survey, conducted by IDG, posed wide-ranging questions to global IT leaders about the state of enterprise IT and its alignment with business in driving transformation. Respondents comprised of 500 senior level IT executives, Director and above, at global companies with over 1000 employees. More than half the respondents were C-level (CIO, CTO, CSO). Survey results are being published in a series of reports that each drill into specific segments of the global data. Key Takeaways in this report: - The typical large enterprise in the US and Europe makes 180 app development requests to IT every year 15% of those requests are never started,15% are never finished, and 20% are delivered but don’t meet the business need - Technical debt consumes 40% of IT’s development time