Technology is changing the way we live, work and learn. This report aims to suggest ways we can ensure Australia is well prepared to respond to emerging challenges. The report is a successor to the 2015 report, 'Innovate and prosper: ensuring Australia's future competitiveness through university-industry collaboration' , and builds on its core themes of collaboration and innovation. The recommendations focus on policy measures and actions that can better equip students for the employment pathways of the future. They are: (1) support Australians lifelong learning needs; (2) equip learners with enterprise skills and competences; (3) facilitate flexible pathways to meet the needs of future learners; (4) continue to promote industry-university collaboration by streamlining and removing barriers; and (5) ensure all Australians have access to meaningful, relevant education information and data.

The aim of this report is to detail how the impact of ageing populations, the adoption of new automation technologies and rising inequality will likely combine to give rise to new business risks and opportunities. This work is based on secondary market research, analysis of financial information available or provided to Bain and Company and a range of interviews with industry participants. Chapter one explores the impact of ageing populations and the end of plentiful labor. The baby boomer generation powered a long but temporary surge in labor force growth. Now this group is moving into retirement, and labor force growth is slowing. Chapter two examines how automation may solve one problem by increasing productivity and powering growth but creates another by potentially eliminating millions of jobs and suppressing wages for many workers. Chapter three looks at how rising inequality could threaten growth. Chapter four traces how developments are likely to unfold in the turbulent 2020s. Chapter five considers the outlook if governments intervene more actively in the marketplace to address economic imbalances. Their options include tax, labor market and regulatory interventions. Chapter six focuses on the practical business implications of these trends for leadership teams.

The Key Indicators on Education, Skills and Employment (KIESE) are a collection of statistics that are part of a broader set of indicators proposed by the European Training Foundation (ETF) to enable an assessment of developments in the field of human capital in the partner countries. They include data on vocational education and training (VET), skills, employment and labour market outcomes. Based on data compiled in 2018, this report provides an overview of trends and developments in ETF partner countries and aims to raise awareness on the use of indicators to drive the policy cycle. The report is divided into four parts: (1) the indicators and their definitions; (2) key findings for 2018; (3) data availability and quality; and (4) indicators., Key findings include: (1) the percentage of students following vocational programmes at the upper secondary level of education varies widely across the ETF partner countries and regions; (2) VET programmes can be successful in preventing early leaving from education and training; (3) one of the main challenges in the ETF partner countries is tackling underachievement in key competences; (4) the composition of the workforce is constantly changing in all countries; in most countries, the general trend is towards increasing the educational attainment levels of the workforce; (5) school-to-work transition remains problematic in most ETF partner countries, with persistently high numbers of young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEETs); (6) upskilling through training remains rather limited and adults are often unlikely to participate in further training, with negative consequences for their careers; young adults and those who are better educated enjoy more training opportunities; (7) the labour market situation in the ETF partner countries is characterised by persistently high youth unemployment rates; (8) unemployment is linked to educational attainment levels, but this relationship is mixed in the partner countries; (9) in nearly all ETF partner countries, employment prospects improve for those who have gone beyond compulsory education; and (10) VET programmes can be effective in developing skills and ensuring a smooth and successful transition to the labour market.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is creating demand for millions of new jobs, with vast new opportunities for fulfilling people's potential and aspirations. However, in order to turn these opportunities into reality, new sources of data and innovative approaches to understand emerging jobs and skills, as well as to empower effective and coordinated large-scale action are urgently needed across the globe. This report takes an in-depth look into the 'black box' of new job creation, reviewing the shifting focus of employment to emerging professions of the future, the reasons behind it and what skills will be required by these professions. The analysis presented in this report is based on innovative metrics authored in partnership between the World Economic Forum's New Metrics CoLab in its Platform for the New Economy and Society, and data scientists at three partner companies: Burning Glass Technologies, Coursera and LinkedIn. Through these collaborations, the report provides insights into emerging opportunities for employment across the global economy as well as unique detail regarding the skill sets needed to leverage those opportunities. The report is presented in two parts with 'Part 1: Opportunity in the emerging labour market' including: Emerging professions and job churn, Mapping emerging occupations, Quantifying the jobs of tomorrow, Identifying rising demand for skill sets, and Mapping distinctive learning trajectories and skills capabilities. 'Part 2: Profession of the future in focus' includes: Care economy, Data and [artificial intelligence] AI, Engineering and cloud computing, Green economy, People and culture, and Product development. Key findings include: Demand for both 'digital' and 'human' factors is driving growth in the professions of the future; There are seven emerging professional clusters and 96 jobs of tomorrow within them that vary in their individual rate of growth and in the scale of job opportunities they offer in the aggregate; Growth in these clusters and jobs is largest among care roles and smallest among green professions; The highest-growth jobs of tomorrow span all seven profession clusters; The highest-demand skills required in these emerging professional clusters span both technical and cross-functional skills.

This report is a collaborative work by Education and Employers, the Edge Foundation and National Education Union. It draws upon 21 pieces of existing literature, two focus groups with employers and the findings from a survey of 626 secondary school teaching staff based in England to explore how schools are providing young people with the opportunity to develop and exercise vital employability skills. Over 90 per cent of teachers believe that the top five skills and two of the four competencies cited by employers are being developed in school. The research highlights that the narrower curriculum and increased content and exam-focus of GCSEs and A levels, are standing in the way of young people developing the skills necessary for working life. Thirty-two per cent of teachers reported that changes to the Key Stage 3 curriculum have been detrimental to developing the skills and attitudes needed for work.

In 2028, European labor markets are likely to look quite different than they do today. Technological trends such as digitization and the advent of online job platforms are colliding with long-term demographic and cultural shifts to reshape how and where work is performed, and by whom. The gig economy is growing, offering new opportunities for flexible work, while traditional, stable employer-employee relationships are becoming more rare. These developments hold important implications for all workers, but they are likely to be particularly acutely felt by immigrants and refugees. Many newcomers already face barriers to entering and succeeding in European labor markets - from difficulty having previously earned credentials and experience recognized, to limited host-country language proficiency and professional connections. And while the changes on the horizon may open new opportunities for some, for others they threaten to reinforce these existing obstacles. Much will depend on the decisions policymakers make today., This report examines the key forces shaping the future of work in Europe, before sketching a set of possible scenarios for how these factors may affect jobs, welfare and education systems, public services, and immigrant integration. In doing so, the authors highlight how the investments needed to ready all workers for these changes mirror closely those needed to help newly arrived immigrants enter work; programs that help people retrain and update their skills, for example, promise to benefit both native- and foreign-born workers. Crucially, the analysis points to promising innovations to help workers build resilience and to help policymakers navigate the changes to come.

Australia's jobs are being affected by the rapid innovation in digital technologies. Increasing automation and the greater use of technology at work are constantly changing our work landscape. In addition, other factors such as ageing populations, more flexible work, and a focus on work-life balance are also influencing what our current and future jobs look like. Previous reports examining Australia's labour market at the national level estimated around 40 per cent to 44 per cent of jobs are highly susceptible to automation in the coming years. While it is true that we may lose some jobs to automation, innovations in digital technologies will also bring about new jobs and change the way current jobs are done. In this report we go beyond the national picture to present our take on how jobs in regions could change as a consequence of greater automation. In the face of continued technological change, Australia's labour market will have to adapt. To understand how this adaptation needs to occur it is necessary to identify where vulnerable jobs are located., Key findings include: Different regional types have different proportions of jobs vulnerable to automation and also have diverse strengths to adapt to future jobs; Regional cities have the greatest proportion of jobs highly vulnerable to automation, but they also have strengths in innovation and entrepreneurial skills which are necessary to adapt to the changing nature of work; Heartland regions have the smallest proportion of jobs highly vulnerable to automation, however they do not have the strength of technological connectivity to cope with the expected growth of digital jobs; Metropolitan areas have the greatest proportion of low vulnerability jobs and also have technological readiness and connectivity to take advantage of the changing nature of work; Between 2011 and 2016, there was a slight overall shift from high vulnerability jobs to low vulnerability jobs, occurring mostly in metropolitan areas and regional cities; The focus of discussions around the vulnerability of jobs to automation should not only be on job losses but also on how jobs will change, and how regions can be better prepared to manage those changes.

This ANUpoll, the 25th in the series, reports Australians' anxieties about the future of work. Positively, it finds that Australians are not particularly concerned about their current employment. However, we are concerned about our prospects of finding employment in the future. We are also more concerned about the threats posed by poor business management and international workers being prepared to work for lower wages, than about the prospect that our jobs will disappear through automation. In general, the representative sample of Australians surveyed in this poll is more worried about the globalisation of employment and trade, than about competition from robots. The findings presented in this report contribute nuance and personal opinion to a public debate dominated by predictions of rapid technological change.

This third edition examines the impact of technological progress on regional and local labour markets. It sheds light on widening regional gaps on job creation, workers education and skills, as well as inclusion in local economies. Drawing on new data, it examines the geographical distribution of the risk of automation and whether jobs lost to automation are compensated by the creation of jobs at lower risk of automation. Building on data from labour force surveys, the report looks at the rise of non-standard work, highlighting the main regional determinants of temporary jobs and self-employment. Finally, it considers determinants of productivity and inclusion in regional and local labour markets, as well as policies to foster greater inclusion of vulnerable groups into the labour market. Individual country profiles provide an overview of regional labour markets and, among other things, an assessment of the performance in terms of 'quality' jobs created among different regions.