Journal Article

Recent scholarship in English studies has shown a growing interest in transnational approaches to literacy research. As literacy scholars turn to fieldwork in immigrant or migrant communities, encounter internationalization in educational institutions, examine the effects of globalization on literacy practice, or work with texts and technologies that move literacies across borders, the transnational lens offers a useful analytical tool for understanding the global movement of literacy. One benefit to this strand of research is that it can highlight the varied and multiple literacies that are part of the transnational experience. Here, Lagman presents a framework for researching loss in transnational literacy that brings together literacy ethnography and affect theory.

The modern period is now complete. Our thought patterns that founded all rational management are changing. The values ​​of modernity are now saturated and the old model Taylorian no longer able to organize life in the company. We are on the verge of a major paradigm shift with the advent of postmodernism and its emerging values ​​meet more logical and emotional community. Large socio-economic changes are underway.  In this context of postmodern emerging, companies should they change their approach to their organization and management? What kind of manager can meet the challenge of taking account of postmodernity in its daily practices? This article proposes a conceptual review to remain in phase with major socio-economic changes that surround and impact business. We present a translation of Maffesoli work on postmodernism in the management field. Now, new management practices have to worry about quality advantage of living together at work and cooperative practices. In numéritie universe, it is important to move the center of gravity of managerial action and managers must take the measure of individual performance to the regulation of interpersonal relations.  Then a new manager whose businesses need to be able to take into account the intimate aspirations of staff. Postmodern manager which are outlined here the new features should organize the "working together" in a friendly and caring atmosphere. This must embody a postmodern management characterized by some simple but new missions detailed in the article and which are centered around the regulation. Our proposal for managerial positions to consider whether particular feeding practices observations already established in business and deserve to be developed, these observations to be tested and ultimately consolidated by subsequent field study. [googletranslate_en]

Purpose - Studies suggest that engagement is related with organizationally desired outcomes, including performance, productivity, profitability, employee retention, organization citizenship behavior and employee well-being. Despite its practical relevance in the workplace, the concept of engagement has been theoretically dispersed. Therefore, this study aims to present a conceptual review of engagement studies leading to the development of a nomological framework and an evolution timeline for the concept. Design/methodology/approach - The present study is divided into three sections. The first section elicits the nomological framework based on the comparison between engagement, its predecessors and its contemporary concepts such as motivation theories, job design theories, burnout theories and positive psychology. A review of related theories and concepts highlights the similarities and differences vis-a-vis engagement. In the second section, the study depicts the evolution of the engagement concept based on the nomological framework. The evolution is discussed through the decades of before 1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2010 and 2010 onwards. To consolidate the theories and concepts, the authors covered studies that defined engagement as role engagement, personal engagement, work engagement and employee engagement. The third section presents the future research directions based on the framework and evolution. Findings - The literature review reveals future research directions. These include the addition of new antecedents and theoretical frameworks to enrich the explanatory power and practical relevance of the antecedents of engagement, exploring the context of work with qualitative and mixed method designs, exploring the unit of “role” in engagement studies and the need for more replication studies in this field. Originality/value - The key contributions of this paper are the nomological framework and the timeline of the evolution of engagement concept.

The chapter provides an overview of the labour market challenges posed by a fast ageing global population. It shows that, while the ratio of potential retirees per person participating in the labour market is expected to increase markedly by 2030, the average age of those in the labour force is also set to gradually increase over the same period. These dynamics pose the dual challenge of keeping retirees out of poverty while promoting decent work outcomes for the growing share of older workers in the labour force. The chapter concludes by highlighting a number of policy options to tackle these challenges.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and determinants of the so-called precarious employment across Europe and using different measures and based on individual’s self-assessment. Design/methodology/approach – Data on over two million workers across Europe (EU-15) from the European Union Labour Force Survey are utilised and a Heckman selection approach is adopted. Findings – About one tenth of the total European workforce is in employment relationships that could be related to precariousness. The sources of precariousness are mainly involuntary part-time and temporary work. Less prominent as a source of precariousness is job insecurity related to fear of job loss. Vulnerable groups are found to have a higher risk of precariousness while significant country variations indicate that precariousness cannot be examined in isolation of the national context. Finally, signals of previous employment inability, such as lack of past working experience, as well as the state of labour market significantly increase the risk of precarious work. Originality/value – The present study utilises a large-scale survey in order to investigate the incidence of precarious employment in a harmonised way and produce results that are comparable across EU-15 countries.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of technological change on the internal audit practices and skills Generalist internal auditors and specialist information technology (IT) internal auditors were surveyed online in ten countries. The results suggest a need for advanced IT-audit techniques in conducting the internal audit function, thereby increasing IT audit skill demands on generalist internal auditors. However, the results show a low confidence among internal auditors about their IT training. The responses obtained in this study provide insight into both the status quo of the internal audit function, and to the changes that are needed to prepare generalist internal auditors for work in an e-business environment and, while the scale of the study limits the extent to which the findings may be generalized, they are consistent with the literature concerning the changing business environment and with the literature on resistance to change, suggesting that the issues revealed should be of concern. Practical implications - The results reported in this paper are useful to internal auditing educators and regulators in their consideration of the skills needed by generalist internal auditors in e-business environment. Originality/value - This study sheds light on a significantly growing area which remains relatively unexplored in the auditing-related literature, e-business audit. The study provides empirical evidence on challenges facing internal auditors in an e-business environment, thereby serving as a wake-up call, to both internal auditors and the professional bodies representing them, to defend their jurisdictional space against rival professional groups.

This study examines factors which are effective in the students’ choice of employment, that if these factors change in terms of the demographic characteristics of the students or not and the correlations among these questions’ factors. Based on the findings obtained; the most important criteria in the event of job search is “employment in a workplace with a good wage policy”. The other factors which are effective in the students’ choice of employment respectively are “employment offering career opportunities”, ”employment in a workplace with a good working environment”, employment in a workplace with a job security”, “employment in a workplace with flexible working hours”, “employment in a workplace with close relationships with foreign countries” and “employment in a workplace with up-to-date tools and equipment”. According to statistical analysis applied in this study, it is determined that the order of significance of the factors which are effective in the students’ choice of employment changes in terms of demographic characteristics of the students and there are correlations among these factors.

Industry 4.0 "is the German response to the threat posed by the emergence of digital on industrial value chains. This is a technological ambition of producing one size series at equivalent costs than mass production by introducing cyber-physical systems of production in the factory. But in this revolution remains largely invisible as it passes through the codes and algorithms. Its main objective is learning new process design and manufacturing group. This is the relational competitiveness is at the heart of the Industry 4.0, evidenced by new modes of interaction between economic agents and their customers, and this both inside and outside the chain value. This ability to experiment together not only affects the technological dimension. It also relates to the definition of new business models in line with the emergence of industrial service platforms. This is a change of type 2 (in the meaning Gregory Bateson) taking place before our eyes - a change in which the cross between sectors and disciplines becomes a central issue for the players in this digital revolution. [googletranslate_en]

This study examines occupational licensing in the United States using a specially designed national labor force survey. Estimates from the survey indicated that 35% of employees were either licensed or certified by the government and that 29% were licensed. Another 3% stated that all who worked in their job would eventually be required to be certified or licensed, bringing the total that are or eventually must be licensed or certified by government to 38%. We find that licensing is associated with about 18% higher wages but that the effect of governmental certification on pay is much smaller.