Journal Article

The Information Technology (IT) play a role increasingly important and prominent in the health sector. A multitude of IT solutions is available to health institutions, health care providers, patients and the general population. These include clinical information systems used in hospital organizations that allow, among other things, management of computerized patient records, lab results and medical imaging. also there is a greater reliance on various forms of telemedicine, including teleconsultation, teleradiology and tele-home care, which aim to provide better access to health care services for geographically isolated patients or loss of autonomy. Finally, the applications available on mobile and tablet devices demonstrate their ability to transform or reinvent ways to deliver care to patients more involved in the care of their medical condition. [googletranslate_en]

Some digital social networks, like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Google+ for example, offer the ability to connect to contacts both professional and personal, and to share information (messages, photos, videos, etc.) falling within two areas . The social circles of an individual, which are widely segmented in daily life and collide on digital social networks, with sometimes very beneficial consequences, and sometimes very harmful to personal relationships and professional reputations. This article proposes a conceptual analysis of the management of borders between professional and personal identities on social network sites as a digital competence and a form of cultural capital to technology Bourdieu (1979). First, the article defines the border management between roles and identities as a wholly competence. Then it presents the specificities of public mediated interactions on digital social networks compared to direct interaction and private interactions mediated; these characteristics imply that the border management skills must be implemented in the digital sphere. The article continues by illustrating this new digital competence by presenting a typology of four border management strategies between professional and personal identities on social network sites. Finally, the article analyzes the digital competence of border management online as a form of incorporated cultural capital and, more specifically, as a technological cultural capital that acts as a symbolic capital to build and develop the social capital of an individual. [googletranslate_en]

Using firm-level data on offshoring paired with occupation-level data on employment and wages, the author estimates the impact that offshoring has had on U.S. workers from 2002 to 2008. She finds that offshoring by U.S. firms has contributed to relative gains for the most high-skilled workers and relative losses for middle-skilled workers. An increase in offshoring in an industry is associated with an increase in the wage gap between workers at the 75th percentile and workers with median earnings in that industry, and with a decrease in the gap between workers earning the median wages and those at the 25th percentile. This pattern can be explained by the tasks performed by workers. Offshoring is associated with a decrease in wages for occupations that rely heavily on routine tasks and an increase in wages if the occupation is nonroutine and communication-task intensive. The results hold in both ordinary least squares (OLS) and instrumental variable specifications.

The objective of this paper is to study the long-term effects of policy measures for displaced workers. Our focus is on the individuals affected by the closure of the Uddevalla Shipyard in western Sweden in 1985 and the cutbacks at the LKAB mines in northern Sweden in 1983. These workers not only experienced job loss but were also target groups for extraordinary labour market policies. Using register data from Statistics Sweden (labour market status, earnings, education etc.), we follow those affected until 1999. We compare their experiences with the development of a large sample of other workers who lost their jobs because of plant closures in 1987–88 but who did not receive extraordinary measures. Estimations of the net effect of the extraordinary measures find that they did have positive long-term effects for the displaced shipyard workers and miners. They have higher employment, not higher unemployment, and higher earnings than the comparison group.

The spread of skills management enables today to analyze how it is used by employees (Gilbert, 2003). This article shows that the analysis of unexpected uses of skills management tools to better understand their dynamics. The empirical analysis focuses on the case of a petrochemical company that pays skills for 10 years. A management tool is composed of articulated heterogeneous elements. The unanticipated uses weaken the joint. They are therefore a factor in explaining the trajectory of the management tool. [googletranslate_en]

While the disruptive potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data has been receiving growing attention and concern in a variety of research and application fields over the last few years, it has not received much scrutiny in contemporary entrepreneurship research so far. Here we present some reflections and a collection of papers on the role of AI and big data for this emerging area in the study and application of entrepreneurship research. While being mindful of the potentially overwhelming nature of the rapid progress in machine intelligence and other big data technologies for contemporary structures in entrepreneurship research, we put an emphasis on the reciprocity of the co-evolving fields of entrepreneurship research and practice. How can AI and big data contribute to a productive transformation of the research field and the real-world phenomena (e.g., “smart entrepreneurship”)? We also discuss, however, ethical issues as well as challenges around a potential contradiction between entrepreneurial uncertainty and rule-driven AI rationality. The editorial gives researchers and practitioner’s orientation and showcases avenues and examples for concrete research in this field. At the same time, however, it is not unlikely that we will encounter unforeseeable and currently inexplicable developments in the field soon. We call on entrepreneurship scholars, educators, and practitioners to proactively prepare for future scenarios.

This paper will review the nature of work and look at this topic as an important part of the psychology of humans and how work has changed over the centuries and millennia and what it looks like today. By work we mean, “A purposeful activity that is intended to facilitate survival, comfort, protection of the society, and self-fulfillment.” In addition to examining the history and evolution of work, this paper examines the functional nature of work and how that has changed and evolved as well. In addition, the motivational basis of work will be examined and the various reasons why people work will also be explored as well. One of the principal foci of this paper will be a thorough examination of how work is changing in the 21st century and looking at how globalization and technology have changed the world of work and the psychological importance of work today.

In an increasingly interconnected world, labour markets are under constant pressure to adapt to the forces of globalisation and technological change. This is especially the case for small open economies such as Ireland. Across the EU, permanent full-time jobs are declining as a proportion of the labour force and real wages are falling in many sectors. Some argue that the competitive pressures of globalisation are creating a race to the bottom in wages and working conditions and an underclass of precarious workers who barely scrape by and have little or no future prospects. Flexibility is a key word in the mantra of international "competitiveness" and some would argue a source of much of the insecurity associated with modern day labour markets. Considering both the income and employment security aspects of precariousness this paper examines trends in Ireland from 2004 to 2015 in the elementary occupations. While the overall structure of the labour market, specifically the proportion of temporary contracts has hardly changed since 2004 the proportion of those temporary workers who are involuntarily so has grown considerably. The proportion of temporary contracts as a proportion of employment for those under 30 has grown markedly whilst it has actually fallen slightly for older cohorts. Furthermore, the proportion of part-time workers has grown as a proportion of the overall labour market as has the share of workers within that category who would prefer to be in full-time employment. These trends hold across certain groups identified as particularly vulnerable to precariousness in the international literature; women, young people and foreign nationals. The incidence of involuntary part-time and temporary work is higher in all categories for elementary workers. In terms of income insecurity, the deprivation rate for elementary workers rose significantly between 2004 and 2015 (from 13% to 23%) and almost 80% of elementary workers in 2015 had some difficulty in making ends meet as did a similar proportion of temporary workers. Over 1 in 5 temporary workers had been in receipt of some form of welfare assistance in the previous 12 months in 2015.

This article reviews and advances existing literature concerning disruptive technologies that may bring about jobless growth and enduring mass unemployment. Using and replicating data from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Dell/Intel, Haver Analytics, The Heritage Foundation, McKinsey Global Institute, Statista, U.S. Department of Labor, and World Economic Forum, I performed analyses and made estimates regarding the potential for task automation in various occupations, forecast ratio of human/machine working hours in 2019 and 2022 (by task type), and labor productivity aided by technological advances.