{"id":323196,"date":"2025-09-25T10:27:26","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T14:27:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fsc-ccf.ca\/blog-productivity-workforce-shortages\/"},"modified":"2025-09-25T10:34:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T14:34:33","slug":"blog-productivity-workforce-shortages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fsc-ccf.ca\/fr\/blog-productivity-workforce-shortages\/","title":{"rendered":"Les p\u00e9nuries de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre freinent la productivit\u00e9\u00a0: Combler le foss\u00e9 dans les domaines de la sant\u00e9, des m\u00e9tiers et des technologies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Au Canada, il manque 64 000 travailleuses et travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s, notamment des ing\u00e9nieurs, des gens de m\u00e9tier et du personnel infirmier et \u00e9ducatif. On estime que cette p\u00e9nurie repr\u00e9sentait 2,6 milliards de dollars de PIB perdu en 2024<\/a>, ce qui a consid\u00e9rablement frein\u00e9 la croissance de la productivit\u00e9 au Canada.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La productivit\u00e9 mesure ce que nous produisons avec les ressources dont nous disposons. Elle est un moteur d\u00e9terminant du niveau de vie. Lorsque la croissance de la productivit\u00e9 ralentit, l\u2019\u00e9conomie g\u00e9n\u00e8re moins de nouveaux revenus \u2013 ce qui laisse moins \u00e0 partager entre les travailleurs et les travailleuses, les entreprises et les gouvernements \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nos recherches r\u00e9centes se penchent sur ces p\u00e9nuries de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et proposent des solutions r\u00e9alisables pour combler les lacunes en mati\u00e8re de comp\u00e9tences et am\u00e9liorer la productivit\u00e9 du Canada, afin de garantir une main-d\u2019\u0153uvre plus r\u00e9siliente et comp\u00e9titive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les p\u00e9nuries de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre : Un d\u00e9fi persistant<\/strong>
<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales du march\u00e9 du travail se normalisent, les taux de ch\u00f4mage et de postes vacants revenant \u00e0 leurs niveaux d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie. Si les p\u00e9nuries g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es observ\u00e9es pendant la pand\u00e9mie se sont att\u00e9nu\u00e9es, les \u00e9carts entre les taux de postes vacants selon les professions se sont consid\u00e9rablement creus\u00e9s. Ainsi, m\u00eame si la situation se stabilise, de nombreux postes continuent de faire face \u00e0 des p\u00e9nuries persistantes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les travailleurs et les travailleuses dont nous avons besoin sont plus qualifi\u00e9s que l\u2019employ\u00e9 moyen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons regroup\u00e9 les professions pr\u00e9sentant des profils de comp\u00e9tences similaires afin de saisir les r\u00e9percussions plus larges des p\u00e9nuries de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre qualifi\u00e9e, au lieu d\u2019analyser les professions de fa\u00e7on isol\u00e9e. En comparant les taux de postes vacants actuels aux niveaux d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie, quatre groupes de professions se distinguent comme \u00e9tant les plus touch\u00e9s par la p\u00e9nurie de travailleuses et de travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s : les ing\u00e9nieurs, le personnel technique (principalement dans le domaine de la sant\u00e9), le personnel qualifi\u00e9 du secteur des biens (m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s) et le personnel qualifi\u00e9 du secteur des services (en particulier le personnel infirmier et \u00e9ducatif). Ces professions doivent \u00eatre occup\u00e9es par des travailleurs et des travailleuses ayant un niveau de qualification sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne dans toutes les cat\u00e9gories de comp\u00e9tences \u2013 en particulier les comp\u00e9tences techniques, o\u00f9 les \u00e9carts sont les plus importants. (Voir le graphique ci-dessous.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Les professions comptant des postes vacants exc\u00e9dentaires ont des exigences plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re de comp\u00e9tences que les postes moyens au Canada<\/strong>
(Classement des comp\u00e9tences du SIPeC pour les professions qui comptent des postes vacants exc\u00e9dentaires et pour l\u2019ensemble des professions, 2024T3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Remarques : La moyenne des comp\u00e9tences requises est pond\u00e9r\u00e9e en fonction des parts de l\u2019emploi selon le recensement de 2021; les comp\u00e9tences requises pour les postes vacants exc\u00e9dentaires sont pond\u00e9r\u00e9es en fonction des postes vacants exc\u00e9dentaires, calcul\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant l\u2019\u00e9cart dans les taux de postes vacants par groupe de comp\u00e9tences par rapport aux niveaux de 2015T2 \u00e0 2020T1.
Sources : Statistique Canada; Le Conference Board du Canada; Emploi et D\u00e9veloppement social Canada<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Il ne sera pas facile de rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 ces p\u00e9nuries de comp\u00e9tences. Cela n\u00e9cessitera de pr\u00e9voir des programmes exigeants de reconversion professionnelle pour la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre actuelle et d\u2019attirer de nouveaux travailleurs et travailleuses ayant les comp\u00e9tences techniques requises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les solutions traditionnelles ne suffisent plus<\/strong>
<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Traditionnellement, trois leviers principaux sont utilis\u00e9s pour r\u00e9soudre les p\u00e9nuries de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et de comp\u00e9tences : la formation et la requalification, la migration interprovinciale et l\u2019immigration. Bien que chacun de ces leviers contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les p\u00e9nuries de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre, aucun n\u2019est suffisant \u00e0 lui seul, en particulier lorsque ces p\u00e9nuries sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • La formation prend du temps.<\/strong> Pr\u00e8s de 80\u00a0p.\u00a0100 des postes vacants exigent des \u00e9tudes postsecondaires formelles, mais seuls\u00a057\u00a0p.\u00a0100 des Canadiens et des Canadiennes en \u00e2ge de travailler (de\u00a025\u00a0\u00e0\u00a064\u00a0ans) d\u00e9tiennent un titre d\u2019\u00e9tudes postsecondaires. Les professions qui connaissent les plus graves p\u00e9nuries de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre\u00a0\u2013 g\u00e9nie, soins infirmiers, \u00e9ducation et m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s\u00a0\u2013 n\u00e9cessitent des grades ou des dipl\u00f4mes exigeant plusieurs ann\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9tudes, ou de longs apprentissages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • La migration interprovinciale ne permet pas d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les p\u00e9nuries g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es. <\/strong>Ces professions essentielles font face \u00e0 des p\u00e9nuries de travailleuses et de travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s dans toutes les r\u00e9gions du Canada. Si la migration interprovinciale peut contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les p\u00e9nuries \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale dans les professions peu sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, ces mesures ne permettront pas de r\u00e9duire de fa\u00e7on significative le nombre de postes vacants exc\u00e9dentaires, compte tenu de l\u2019ampleur des p\u00e9nuries et des comp\u00e9tences requises.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • L\u2019immigration n\u2019est pas totalement adapt\u00e9e aux besoins du march\u00e9 du travail. <\/strong>Trop peu de nouveaux arrivants et nouvelles arrivantes poss\u00e8dent un dipl\u00f4me d\u2019\u00e9tudes coll\u00e9giales ou une certification professionnelle dont on a un besoin urgent dans les services et les m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s, comme l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les soins infirmiers. De nombreux immigrants et immigrantes rencontrent en outre des obstacles, comme la reconnaissance des titres de comp\u00e9tences \u00e9trangers et l\u2019obtention d\u2019un permis d\u2019exercice, qui retardent ou emp\u00eachent leur entr\u00e9e sur le march\u00e9 du travail.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Il est temps d\u2019agir de fa\u00e7on coordonn\u00e9e.<\/strong>
    <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    La p\u00e9nurie de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre hautement qualifi\u00e9e devrait persister tout au long de la d\u00e9cennie. Les d\u00e9cideurs politiques en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation et d\u2019immigration ont un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 \u00e0 jouer, tant pour accro\u00eetre les capacit\u00e9s de formation que pour aligner les voies d\u2019immigration sur les besoins r\u00e9els du march\u00e9 du travail. Sans une action audacieuse et coordonn\u00e9e de la part du gouvernement et des prestataires de services d\u2019\u00e9ducation et de formation, ces p\u00e9nuries continueront de peser sur des secteurs essentiels et de limiter la productivit\u00e9 du Canada.
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Il faut agir d\u00e8s maintenant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Recommandations \u00e0 l\u2019intention des dirigeants d\u2019universit\u00e9s et de coll\u00e8ges<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • D\u00e9velopper les programmes dans des domaines essentiels comme les soins infirmiers, les diagnostics param\u00e9dicaux et l\u2019installation de syst\u00e8mes de transmission d\u2019\u00e9nergie et d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, ainsi que dans d\u2019autres m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s, en augmentant la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019inscription et d\u2019obtention de dipl\u00f4me.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Renforcer le soutien aux \u00e9tudiants et aux \u00e9tudiantes en \u00e9largissant l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide financi\u00e8re, aux stages de formation pratique et aux services d\u2019orientation professionnelle afin d\u2019augmenter les taux d\u2019obtention de dipl\u00f4me et l\u2019employabilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Recommandations \u00e0 l\u2019intention du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Modifier le syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration \u00e0 points du Canada afin d\u2019accorder plus de poids aux m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s et aux professions techniques, et moins d\u2019importance aux grades universitaires.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Simplifier le processus de r\u00e9sidence permanente pour les dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s \u00e9trangers dans les domaines \u00e0 forte demande comme la sant\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u00c9largir le Programme de reconnaissance des titres de comp\u00e9tences \u00e9trangers afin d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la d\u00e9livrance de permis et l\u2019int\u00e9gration professionnelle des nouveaux arrivants et des nouvelles arrivantes, en particulier dans les domaines de la sant\u00e9 et des m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        En augmentant la capacit\u00e9 de formation, en renfor\u00e7ant les syst\u00e8mes de soutien aux \u00e9tudiants et aux \u00e9tudiantes et en simplifiant les parcours des professionnels form\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, le Canada peut se doter d\u2019une main-d\u2019\u0153uvre plus r\u00e9siliente et comp\u00e9titive.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Au Canada, il manque 64 000 travailleuses et travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s, notamment des ing\u00e9nieurs, des gens de m\u00e9tier et du personnel infirmier et \u00e9ducatif. On estime que cette p\u00e9nurie…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":323165,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ob_guten_meta_block":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"region":[1319],"populations":[],"themes":[1629],"class_list":["post-323196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classifiee","region-across-canada-fr","themes-lmi-fr"],"acf":{"thumbnail_image":{"ID":323167,"id":323167,"title":"CBoC - Skills shortages","filename":"CBoC-Skills-shortages.png","filesize":1654270,"url":"https:\/\/fsc-ccf.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/CBoC-Skills-shortages.png","link":"https:\/\/fsc-ccf.ca\/fr\/blog-productivity-workforce-shortages\/cboc-skills-shortages-2\/","alt":"","author":"25","description":"","caption":"","name":"cboc-skills-shortages-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":323196,"date":"2025-09-25 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