{"id":303042,"date":"2024-10-24T13:16:41","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T17:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fsc-ccf.ca\/?p=303042"},"modified":"2025-05-13T12:20:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T16:20:04","slug":"blog-unemployment-public-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fsc-ccf.ca\/fr\/blog-unemployment-public-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Le ch\u00f4mage est-il un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 publique ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Au cas o\u00f9 vous l’auriez manqu\u00e9, un nouveau rapport sur le ch\u00f4mage au Canada<\/a> publi\u00e9 par Sondage sur l\u2019emploi et les comp\u00e9tences<\/a> examine les raisons pour lesquelles certaines personnes quittent le march\u00e9 du travail (merci \u00e0 mes coll\u00e8gues du Centre des Comp\u00e9tences futures et de l’Institut de la diversit\u00e9<\/a> d’avoir co\u00e9crit et publi\u00e9 ce rapport).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le rapport remet en question le concept de \u00ab travailleur d\u00e9courag\u00e9 \u00bb. La sagesse conventionnelle, selon moi, est que certaines personnes au ch\u00f4mage finissent par se d\u00e9courager lorsqu’elles ne parviennent pas \u00e0 trouver un emploi et abandonnent leur recherche. Ces travailleurs d\u00e9courag\u00e9s pourraient \u00eatre incit\u00e9s \u00e0 revenir sur le march\u00e9 du travail lorsque l’\u00e9conomie se redressera et que les employeurs recommenceront \u00e0 embaucher. On soup\u00e7onne \u00e9galement que les \u00ab travailleurs d\u00e9courag\u00e9s \u00bb peuvent \u00eatre incit\u00e9s \u00e0 reprendre leur recherche d’emploi lorsque les salaires augmentent ou (de mani\u00e8re plus draconienne) lorsque les prestations sont r\u00e9duites – ce qui les pousse \u00e0 recalculer les co\u00fbts et les avantages de la recherche d’un emploi par rapport au maintien \u00e0 la maison.
 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Personnes au ch\u00f4mage et ne cherchant pas d’emploi : caract\u00e9ristiques<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ces donn\u00e9es sont bas\u00e9es sur une combinaison des vagues 3 \u00e0 6 du sondage, men\u00e9es entre 2021 et 2023. L’\u00e9chantillon combin\u00e9 comprend 1 574 personnes au ch\u00f4mage et \u00e0 la recherche d’un emploi, et 734 personnes au ch\u00f4mage et non \u00e0 la recherche d’un emploi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les choses commencent \u00e0 se pr\u00e9senter diff\u00e9remment lorsque nous examinons les caract\u00e9ristiques des personnes qui sont au ch\u00f4mage mais qui ne cherchent pas d’emploi. Les r\u00e9sultats les plus frappants sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par rapport aux personnes qui ont un emploi<\/strong> ou qui sont au ch\u00f4mage<\/strong> et \u00e0 la recherche d’un emploi<\/strong>, celles qui sont au ch\u00f4mage mais ne cherchent pas d’emploi <\/strong>sont beaucoup plus susceptibles de d\u00e9clarer que leur sant\u00e9 physique et mentale est passable ou mauvaise, et beaucoup plus susceptibles de d\u00e9clarer qu’elles ont un handicap physique ou mental qui limite leur activit\u00e9 quotidienne. Seuls 16 % des ch\u00f4meurs qui ne cherchent pas de travail ne d\u00e9clarent aucune incapacit\u00e9, contre 52 % des ch\u00f4meurs qui cherchent du travail et 66 % des personnes qui ont un emploi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sant\u00e9 physique (autod\u00e9clar\u00e9e), par statut d’emploi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Personnes handicap\u00e9es (auto-d\u00e9clar\u00e9es), par statut d’emploi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Raisons de ne pas chercher d’emploi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le sondage a \u00e9galement demand\u00e9 aux ch\u00f4meurs qui ne cherchent pas d’emploi d’expliquer pourquoi ils ne cherchent pas de travail pour l’instant. Il s’agissait d’une question ouverte, c’est-\u00e0-dire que les participants au sondage pouvaient y r\u00e9pondre en utilisant leurs propres mots. Les r\u00e9ponses individuelles sont regroup\u00e9es sous des th\u00e8mes communs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette question a \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9e dans les vagues 3 \u00e0 5 du sondage. Cette question a \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9e \u00e0 582 personnes au ch\u00f4mage et ne cherchant pas d’emploi. Les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s ici combinent les r\u00e9ponses des trois vagues du sondage et ne sont pas pond\u00e9r\u00e9s. Comme certains ont donn\u00e9 plus d’une raison, 591 r\u00e9ponses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 comptabilis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La raison la plus fr\u00e9quente de ne pas chercher de travail est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 (mais pas particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 la COVID-19) : 44 % d\u00e9clarent avoir un handicap qui les emp\u00eache de travailler ; 10 % mentionnent l’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, la d\u00e9pression ou un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 mentale ; et 9 % d\u00e9clarent avoir un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 ou un probl\u00e8me m\u00e9dical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si l’on combine ces donn\u00e9es, 63 % de ce groupe de ch\u00f4meurs canadiens d\u00e9clarent ne pas chercher de travail en raison d’un handicap, d’un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 physique ou d’un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 mentale (autre que la pand\u00e9mie). En revanche, seule une petite proportion de ce groupe de ch\u00f4meurs canadiens peut \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab d\u00e9courag\u00e9e \u00bb, en ce sens qu’elle a suspendu sa recherche d’emploi parce qu’elle a l’impression qu’il n’y a pas d’emplois disponibles – cela ne concerne que 19 des 591 r\u00e9ponses (3 %).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, environ un ch\u00f4meur sur six (16 %) qui n’est pas \u00e0 la recherche d’un emploi refuse de donner une raison pour laquelle il ne cherche pas de travail. Il est possible que ceux qui ne donnent pas de r\u00e9ponse soient des travailleurs d\u00e9courag\u00e9s qui ne veulent tout simplement pas exprimer (ou admettre) leur d\u00e9couragement dans le contexte du sondage. Si c’est le cas, la proportion d\u00e9courag\u00e9e peut \u00eatre plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que les 3 % mentionn\u00e9s ci-dessus. Une telle conclusion est plausible, mais sp\u00e9culative. Il est \u00e9galement possible que certaines des personnes qui ont quitt\u00e9 leur emploi pendant la pand\u00e9mie pour s’occuper de leurs enfants ou d’autres membres de leur famille ne se d\u00e9clarent pas ch\u00f4meurs mais ne cherchent pas de travail – dans ce cas, les raisons pour lesquelles elles sont au ch\u00f4mage ne seraient pas prises en compte dans cette partie de l’enqu\u00eate. M\u00eame si certaines donn\u00e9es sur les raisons de l’absence de recherche d’emploi ne sont pas claires, elles n’\u00e9clipsent pas les donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 l’invalidit\u00e9. Une grande majorit\u00e9 des ch\u00f4meurs qui ne recherchent pas d’emploi expliquent leur situation en \u00e9voquant un handicap ou un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 physique ou mentale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 la question de savoir pourquoi elles ne cherchent pas de travail, de nombreuses personnes r\u00e9pondent simplement qu’elles sont malades ou handicap\u00e9es, sans plus de pr\u00e9cisions. Voici cependant quelques exemples plus expressifs des raisons que les personnes de ce groupe ont elles-m\u00eames invoqu\u00e9es, avec leurs propres mots. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En d\u00e9finitive, parmi les ch\u00f4meurs qui ne cherchent pas d’emploi, les raisons les plus courantes sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 physique ou mentale ou \u00e0 un handicap, et ce dans une large mesure. Si ces constatations indiquent que la mauvaise sant\u00e9 et le handicap sont des facteurs qui poussent les gens \u00e0 cesser de chercher du travail, il est possible que, pour certaines personnes au moins, l’influence aille dans la direction oppos\u00e9e : le fait de ne pas \u00eatre actif sur le march\u00e9 du travail (et l’absence de revenu d’emploi qui en d\u00e9coule) peut conduire \u00e0 une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la sant\u00e9 physique et mentale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si certains Canadiens qui sont au ch\u00f4mage mais ne cherchent pas d’emploi peuvent \u00eatre \u00ab d\u00e9courag\u00e9s \u00bb par l’impression qu’il n’y a pas d’emplois disponibles pour eux, beaucoup d’autres d\u00e9clarent qu’ils sont physiquement ou mentalement incapables de travailler de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9guli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cela sugg\u00e8re que le ch\u00f4mage au Canada doit \u00eatre abord\u00e9, au moins en partie, comme une question de sant\u00e9 publique. Nous avons besoin de meilleures mesures d’adaptation pour les personnes handicap\u00e9es, ainsi que d’une plus grande acceptation du handicap sur le lieu de travail. Les probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 mentale doivent \u00eatre mieux reconnus et mieux trait\u00e9s. Et nous avons besoin de mesures de pr\u00e9vention pour am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 physique globale de la population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aucun \u00ab signal du march\u00e9 du travail \u00bb – c’est-\u00e0-dire aucune combinaison de panneaux \u00ab aide recherch\u00e9e \u00bb et d’ajustements des niveaux de salaires et de prestations – ne parviendra \u00e0 inciter les gens \u00e0 r\u00e9int\u00e9grer le march\u00e9 du travail s’ils sont en fait trop malades ou trop handicap\u00e9s pour travailler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lisez tous les r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9taill\u00e9s sur ce sujet dans notre rapport complet sur Le ch\u00f4mage au Canada : Rapport du sondage sur l\u2019emploi et les comp\u00e9tences<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’auteur Andrew Parkin et de l’Environics Institute for Survey and Research. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l’origine sur le site Substack<\/a> de M. Parkin.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au cas o\u00f9 vous l’auriez manqu\u00e9, un nouveau rapport sur le ch\u00f4mage au Canada publi\u00e9 par Sondage sur l\u2019emploi et les comp\u00e9tences examine les raisons…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ob_guten_meta_block":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"region":[1319],"populations":[],"themes":[1553],"class_list":["post-303042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classifiee","region-across-canada-fr","themes-parcours-vers-lemploi"],"acf":{"post_authors":[{"ID":256010,"post_author":"16","post_date":"2023-01-26 11:01:37","post_date_gmt":"2023-01-26 16:01:37","post_content":"","post_title":"Andrew 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